08Appendix 2: Economic structure, investment, and human capital
Economic structure of London and peer cities
Figure 24: Unlike other global cities, real estate activities have been gaining relative weight in London’s economy
Investment composition by sector
Figure 25: Investment composition by sector in London
Figure 26: Investment composition by sector in the UK excluding London
Figure 27: Real estate investment is significantly below its pre-financial crisis peak
Figure 28: Investment in intangibles is relatively low in London, even when looking at knowledge-intensive services specifically
Figure 29: London’s R&D spending is relatively low and highly reliant on non-business spending
Figure 30: Between 2004 and 2011, London was growing faster than all other regions. After 2011, human capital estimates show a stagnation, while other regions marginally converged