05Appendices

Appendix 1: Changes in definitions

There are many different ways to define a city or large town, including the core local authority, the primary urban area (used by Centre for Cities) and the travel to work area. Table 1 shows that there is little difference across the definitions, and so it is not the definition that is driving the performance patterns that we see. In Birmingham and Glasgow, the travel to work area has higher productivity than the core local authority. This is the opposite of what we should find given the expected impact of agglomeration.

Appendix 2: How places perform against the levelling up targets

Table 2 shows how different places perform against the levelling up metrics set out in this paper. If a place performs above the benchmark on a particular paper then no data is reported as it does not need to level up on this measure. For example, Aldershot has no data across all three indicators because in outperforms the benchmark on each.