The European Cities Data Tool compares 330 cities across 17 countries and offers UK factsheets comparison cities to the most similar cities by size and industrial structure. While UK cities are definied by Primary Urban Area, as in all Centre for Cities publications, the European cities use the Eurostat Urban Audit definition.
The indicators in this tool may also differ slightly from those seen in the Centre for Cities main data tool, this is to ensure comparability across the whole European data set. All data in this tool is for 2011, unless otherwise stated. Where another year is used, this is because 2011 could not be obtained.
Sources: Eurostat 2016, Population on 1 January by age groups and sex – cities and greater cities; Eurostat 2016, Population on 1 January by broad age group, sex and NUTS 3 region
This and the next four indicators refer to industrial structure of cities. The data used for cities’ industrial structure provides the number of jobs for groups of NACE rev. 2 industries (similar to SIC industries).
Due to data availability, the term “manufacturing and utilities” refers to jobs in mining and quarrying; manufacturing; electricity, gas, stream and air conditioning supply; water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities.
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
The term “business services” intends to proxy knowledge-based service jobs, although due to data availability the definition also captures a certain number of other services. “Business services” refers to jobs in information and communication; financial and insurance activities; real estate activities; professional, scientific and technical activities; administrative and support service activities.
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
All GVA values used in this report are expressed in pound sterling (£), adjusted for purchasing power parities. This removes the difference in price levels between countries. In other words, £100 (or its equivalent in local currency) does not buy the same amount of goods in the UK or in another country.
To illustrate this, let’s suppose an identical good is locally produced in three locations: in the UK, in Denmark and in Bulgaria. Based on the local costs of labour and capital, as well as local levels of inflation, the good produced in the UK is priced £25, the one produced in Denmark €50, and the one produced in Bulgaria лв23. Converted into pounds using the market exchange rate, this means the Danish good is worth £42 and the Bulgarian good £10. But as the cost of living (and wages) is lower in Bulgaria and higher in Denmark than in the UK, buying the local good might actually be as expensive for a Danish, a British or a Bulgarian consumer. On aggregate, not adjusting for purchasing power would over-estimate the Danish GVA (where the monetary value of goods and services produced is higher because of the higher cost of living), and underestimate the Bulgarian GVA.
Purchasing Power Parity values have been obtained using Eurostat Purchasing Power Standard data, then converted to the value of a pound in 2011.
Source: Eurostat 2016, Gross value added at basic prices by NUTS 3 regions; Eurostat 2016, Employment (thousand persons) by NUTS 3 regions; Eurostat 2016, Labour market – cities and greater cities; ONS 2016, BRES; INSEE 2016, Recensements de la population 2012; ISTAT 2016, Census 2011; Statistical Office of Poland 2016, Labour market; FSO 2016, Statent; FSO 2016, GVA per canton. Data for Avignon (FR), Aix-en-Provence (FR) and Versailles (FR) are for 2012. Centre for Cities calculation.
Source: Eurostat, Labour market – cities and greater cities. Data unavailable for Belfast
Business stock is shown per 100,000 population.
Source: Eurostat 2016, Economy and finance – cities and greater cities; FSO 2016, Statent; CSO 2016, Business Demography; INSEE 2016, répertoire des établissements et des entreprises; Istat 2016, Census 2011; CBS 2016, Vestigingen van bedrijven. Centre for Cities calculation. Data unavailable for Polish, Spanish and Swedish cities.
Patents are shown per 100,000 of population. Note that this data differs to that used in Centre for Cities Cities Outlook and main data tool. This patent data refers to applications to the European Patent Office, whereas the UK tool shows UK registrations.
Source: Eurostat 2016, Patent applications to the EPO by priority year by NUTS 3 regions; Eurostat 2016, Gross value added at basic prices by NUTS 3 regions; Eurostat 2016, Employment (thousand persons) by NUTS 3 regions; Eurostat 2016, Labour market – cities and greater cities; ONS 2016, BRES; INSEE 2016, Recensements de la population 2012; ISTAT 2016, Census 2011; Statistical Office of Poland 2016, Labour market; FSO 2016, Statent; FSO 2016, GVA per canton. Data for Avignon (FR), Aix-en-Provence (FR) and Versailles (FR) are for 2012. Centre for Cities calculation. Data unavailable for some Bulgarian, Greek and Spanish cities. Data unavailable for Belfast.
Source: Eurostat 2016, Labour market – cities and greater cities; Statistical Office of Poland 2016, employment rate by municipality; DST 2016, register-based labour force survey; ISTAT 2016, Census 2011. Data for Paris (FR) is for 2012
Source: Eurostat 2016, Labour market – cities and greater cities; Statistical Office of Poland 2016. Data for Paris (FR) is for 2012
For this and the two below skills indicators, levels of education are determined by the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED). Under the 1997 classification, applied in the dataset used, there are six levels of education (from 0 to 6), grouped into three categories: low, medium and high levels of education.
In the UK context, low level of education refers to having less than 5 good GCSEs as a highest level of education
Source: Eurostat, Education – cities and greater cities; Statistics Belgium, Census 2011; FSO, Urban Audit statistics; DST, Educational attainment; CSO, Census 2011; Hellenic Statistical Authority; INE, Urban Audit statistics; INSEE, RP 2012; CBS, Municipal populaton; SCB, level of education by municipality. Data for Paris is for 2012. Data unavailable for Milan (IT) and Naples (IT)
A medium level of education includes 5 good GCSEs, A level and vocational training;
Source: Eurostat, Education – cities and greater cities; Statistics Belgium, Census 2011; FSO, Urban Audit statistics; DST, Educational attainment; CSO, Census 2011; Hellenic Statistical Authority; INE, Urban Audit statistics; INSEE, RP 2012; CBS, Municipal populaton; SCB, level of education by municipality. Data for Paris is for 2012. Data unavailable for Milan (IT) and Naples (IT)
A high level of education includes higher education and university degrees.
Source: Eurostat, Education – cities and greater cities; Statistics Belgium, Census 2011; FSO, Urban Audit statistics; DST, Educational attainment; CSO, Census 2011; Hellenic Statistical Authority; INE, Urban Audit statistics; INSEE, RP 2012; CBS, Municipal populaton; SCB, level of education by municipality. Data for Paris is for 2012. Data unavailable for Milan (IT) and Naples (IT)